Down Syndrome
Down syndrome (sometimes called Down’s syndrome) is a condition in which a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome — hence its other name, trisomy 21. This causes physical and mental developmental delays and disabilities. Many of the disabilities are lifelong, and they can also shorten life expectancy. However, people with Down syndrome can live healthy and fulfilling lives.
In all cases of reproduction, both parents pass their genes on to their children. These genes are carried in chromosomes. When the baby’s cells develop, each cell is supposed to receive 23 pairs of chromosomes, for 46 chromosomes total. Half of the chromosomes are from the mother, and half are from the father. In children with Down syndrome, one of the chromosomes doesn’t separate properly. The baby ends up with three copies, or an extra partial copy, of chromosome 21, instead of two. This extra chromosome causes problems as the brain and physical features develop.
TYPES OF DOWN SYNDROME:
95% of the cases
4% of the cases
1% of the cases
SYMPTOMS OF DOWN SYNDROME
At birth, babies with Down Syndrome usually have certain characteristic signs, including:
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flat facial features
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small head and ears
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short neck
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bulging tongue
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eyes that slant upward
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atypically shaped ears
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poor muscle tone
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short body build
(Source - https://www.healthline.com/health/down-syndrome )