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Autism

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a broad term used to describe a group of neurodevelopmental disorders. People with autism have trouble with communication. They have trouble understanding what other people think and feel. This makes it hard for them to express themselves, either with words or through gestures, facial expressions, and touch. People with autism might have problems with learning. Their skills might develop unevenly. For example, they could have trouble communicating but be unusually good at art, music, math, or memory. Because of this, they might do especially well on tests of analysis or problem-solving.  ASD is found in individuals around the world, regardless of race, culture, or economic background.

TYPES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Autistic Disorder: It refers to problems with having troubled communication and interacting with others, exhibiting repetitive behaviors, having difficulty functioning in several areas of their life.

PDD-NOS stands for Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified. A diagnosis of PDD-NOS is given if a person is determined to have some symptoms of autism but doesn’t meet the full diagnostic criteria for conditions like autistic disorder and Asperger’s syndrome.

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Aspeger's Syndrome: These children don't have a problem with language; in fact, they tend to score in the average or above-average range on intelligence tests. But they have social problems and a narrow scope of interests.

Childhood Dintegrative Disorder: It is a condition in which children develop normally through age 3 or 4. Then, over a few months, they lose language, motor, social, and other skills that they already learned.

SYMPTOMS OF AUTISM

Symptoms of autism are broadly divided into two categories: Problems with communication and social interaction, and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior or activities.

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Problems with communication and social interaction include:

  • issues with communication, including difficulties sharing emotions, sharing interests, or maintaining a back-and-forth conversation

  • issues with nonverbal communication, such as trouble maintaining eye contact or reading body language

  • difficulties developing and maintaining relationships

 

Restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior or activities include:

  • repetitive movements, motions, or speech patterns

  • rigid adherence to specific routines or behaviors

  • an increase or decrease in sensitivity to specific sensory information from their surroundings, such as a negative reaction to a specific sound

  • fixated interests or preoccupations 

(Source - https://www.healthline.com/health/autism )

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